Original Research Article
Year: 2019 | Month: December | Volume: 6 | Issue: 12 | Pages: 516-522
Phytochemical Extraction and Antimicrobial Studies on Crude Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in Semi-Arid Region of Borno State, Nigeria
A. A.G. Benisheikh1, Fatimah Maina Muhammad2, Harun Kelluri3, Zainab Mudi Aliyu4, Umar Baba Mallam5, Mallam Wali Jibrin6
1Dept of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom/Biotechnology Centre, University of Maiduguri, Borno State.
2Dept of Biological science, Sir Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
3National Biotechnology Development Agency (Bioresources Unit) & Biotechnology Centre, University of Maiduguri, Borno State.
4Dept of Biological science, Sir Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
5Biotechnology Centre, University of Maiduguri, Borno State.
6National Research Institute for chemical technology (NARICT, Kano Out station), Kano State
7Pharmacy Unit, University of Maiduguri Clinic, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author: A. A.G. Benisheikh
ABSTRACT
Crude leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) was subjected to in vitro phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assays against some selected microbial pathogens by well diffusion technique. A qualitative preliminary phytochemical screening of crude leaf extracts showed the existence of bioactive phytocomponents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and reducing sugars in the leaves. Soxhlet extraction was also performed by using different solvent system for the analysis, chloroform, hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate. Extracts of leaf showed significant antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. Chloroform and methanol extracts showed highest and moderate activity against the tested microbial pathogens, while other extracts showed lowest activity. The bioactive compounds crude leaf extracts of neem subjected to antimicrobial activity against pathogens shows remarkable sensitivity with higher zone of inhibition ranging from 20mm to 27mm against streptococcus mutans, E. coli, streptococcus pyogenes using chloroform, ethyl acetate and Hexane extract. While moderate zone of inhibition ranging from 14mm to 17mm was obtained against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans using methanol, chloroform. Whereas weak zone of inhibition ranging from 10mm to 12mm was obtained against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and streptococcus pyogenes using methanol, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The bioactive phytocomponents of those showing antimicrobial activities could be exploited as the source of a potent bioactive ingredient for ethnobotanical approach and to build up potential pharmaceutical products to improve the quality of health care in the study area.
Key words: Phytochemical Extraction crude leaf extract, antimicrobial studies, neem, Azadirachta indica.
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