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Research Paper

Year: 2023 | Month: January | Volume: 10 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 444-455

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230151

Urban PM_2.5 Air Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Study Between Case of Benin, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal

Fresnel Boris Cachon^1,2,3, Anthony Verdin¹, Denis Dieme^1,4, Kouakou-Serge Kouassi^1,5, Dorothée Dewaele⁶, Paul Genevray⁶, Atindehou Ménonvè Mègnissè², Koukoui Omédine⁷, Senou Maximin³, Pirouz Shirali¹, Faustin Aïssi¹, Mamadou Fall⁴, Lucie Ayi-Fanou², Amadou Diouf⁴, Joseph Djaman⁵, Ambaliou Sanni², Fabrice Cazier⁶, Dominique Courcot¹

¹Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) UR 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2,
Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
²Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 0320 Cotonou, Bénin
³Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology, National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Benin
⁴Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Médecine pharmacologie Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
⁵Biochemical Pharmacodynamy Laboratory, Biosciences Department, Cocody University PO Box 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire
⁶Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 1, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
⁷Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Cellular Signaling and Pharmacology, National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Benin

Corresponding Author: Fabrice Cazier

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to investigate the Sub-Saharan Africa air pollution in Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Benin by studying fine particles PM2.5 and to bring out their physicochemical characteristics in order to have a better knowledge on the African air pollution. Though these countries don’t share the same borders, their urban environments reveal similarities as regards higher concentrations of PM2.5. Likewise, similar repartitions of trace elements were recorded in the three countries. The ratio of specific surface area to the proportion of 2.5 µm fraction was 0.1 in the three countries. This ratio could be used to investigate African urban air. Moreover, xylene/ethylbenzene ratio was very high (11.1 in Senegal and 4.2 in Benin). This suggests a high photochemical reactivity attributable to the greatest presence of ozone in atmosphere. All results indicated that its main cause is traffic emission. Others studies in African cities are necessary in order to exclude the possible industrial dust and soil influence.

Keywords: Air pollution, Particulate matter, Sub-Saharan Africa, Physicochemical characterization, Diagnostic ratio

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