Year: 2024 | Month: November | Volume: 11 | Issue: 11 | Pages: 607-612
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20241162
The Effect of Statin in Managing Cholelithiasis: A Systematic Review
Zulqadri Ginting
Department of Internal Medicine, RSUD Dr Hadrianus Sinaga, Samosir Island
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Gallstone disease is a prevalent condition leading to numerous hospitalizations worldwide, with cholesterol gallstones comprising 80–90% of cases. While cholecystectomy remains the primary treatment, statins, known for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, may influence gallstone formation by altering biliary cholesterol levels. However, findings regarding their effectiveness in humans are inconsistent. This systematic review evaluates the role of statins in managing cholelithiasis.
Methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies examining statin use in adults without prior gallstone disease. Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed by two independent reviewers, resolving discrepancies by consensus.
Results: Among 1,007 references, eight studies involving 590,086 participants met inclusion criteria. Statin users, categorized by duration and usage status, exhibited a reduced risk of gallstone disease and cholecystectomy. Medium- and long-term statin users had the most significant protective effects, although findings varied due to differences in study designs, definitions of statin use, and gallstone outcomes.
Discussion: Statins demonstrated a potential protective role against gallstone formation and severity, consistent with previous meta-analyses. However, limitations, including observational study biases, variability in definitions, and confounding factors like lifestyle and comorbidities, necessitate cautious interpretation. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings and address gaps such as the impact of statin discontinuation on gallstone recurrence.
Conclusion: Medium- and long-term statin use reduces gallstone and cholecystectomy risks, highlighting their potential in managing cholelithiasis. Future research should explore these effects further to refine clinical recommendations.
Keywords: Statin, cholelithiasis, gallstone disease
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