Year: 2024 | Month: December | Volume: 11 | Issue: 12 | Pages: 421-430
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20241246
The Role of Vitamin D in the Disease Stage of Parkinson's Patients
Harun Nurdiansah Ahmad1, Dewa Putu Gede Purwa Samatra2, Anak Agung Raka Sudewi2
1Resident of Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia.
Corresponding Author: Harun Nurdiansah Ahmad
ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder of brain function that is pathologically characterized by degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, specifically the basal ganglia. Additionally, there is a loss of pigmentation in the substantia nigra, the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies, and a decrease in dopamine in the Substantia nigra Pars Compacta (SNC) and corpus striatum. Vitamin D may provide neuroprotection through the action of neurotrophic factors, which regulate neuronal growth, or through protection against cytotoxicity. In some studies, the synthesis of neurotrophic factors, including Neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), was found to be upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3. A number of studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to healthy controls. Following the discovery that Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and 1α-hydroxylase, an enzyme responsible for converting vitamin D into its active form, are highly expressed in the substantia nigra, it was postulated that insufficient circulating vitamin D may contribute to the dysfunction or cell death observed in this region.
Keywords: Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta, Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Vitamin D Receptor
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