Year: 2024 | Month: April | Volume: 11 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 468-472
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240453
Dementia Staging in Relation to Prognosis and Psychoeducation: A Case Report
Nyoman Defriyana Suwandi1, Ni Ketut Sri Diniari2, R A Tuty Kuswardhani3
1Resident of Psychiatry Department, 2Consultant of Psychiatry Department, 3Geriatric Division Internal Medicine Department
Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali.
Corresponding Author: Nyoman Defriyana Suwandi
ABSTRACT
People with dementia may experience behavioral changes such as restlessness, aggression, and anxiety. Families of people with dementia often feel a great emotional burden because they have to care for and assist the patient in daily activities. The importance of education about the progressive course of dementia can help families prepare mentally and physically to care for patients with dementia.
Case Report: A female, 84 years old, seemed unfocused. The patient talked a lot and said she wanted to go home, was difficult to direct, and did not obey orders. Her forgetfulness started 3 years ago and has worsened since then. Cognitive function was poor. The patient's mood is irritable, affections are narrowed, and incongruent. The thought process was characterized by non-logical, non-realistic thought forms, irrelevant thought flow, and suspicious thought content. There were impressions of visual and auditory hallucinations. The instinctual drive was found to be mixed-type insomnia, hypobulia was absent, and raptus was present. Psychomotor calm with discernment CAM = 4, RASS = +3. MMSE examination 5 and FAST 6C.
Discussion: Staging procedures have proven to be a valid and reliable method to assess the magnitude of pathology of dementia-related conditions. Global staging scales such as GDS have important advantages in the assessment of dementia. The latter is called Functional Assessment Staging or FAST. FAST can be used as a staging measure independent of the magnitude of dementia pathology or as part of the GDS Staging System. This scale is strongly associated with clinical symptoms, and behavioral, and functional changes in progressive degenerative dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Psychoeducation in dementia is a group-based intervention that provides information about dementia and its treatment. Psychoeducation materials for families with dementia include information about dementia and its treatment. Some things that can be used as psychoeducation materials for families with dementia include: using simple language to communicate with the patient and establishing daily routines, such as eating, bathing, sleeping, and others. Help the patient to perform daily activities independently.
Conclusion: It is important to understand that staging is related to the treatment management of the progression of dementia. The prognosis of dementia is poor as over time there will be worsening of symptoms characterized by a decline in cognitive function. The goal of psychoeducation is to help assist the family to understand and cope with situations associated with dementia.
Keywords: Staging, Dementia, Prognosis, Psychoeducation
[PDF Full Text]