Year: 2024 | Month: June | Volume: 11 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 18-26
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240603
Recent Biomaterials in Implants: A Narrative Review
Dr. Arun Gupta1, Dr. Kruti Gothi2, Dr. Sandesh Gosavi3, Dr. Pratik Bhatnagar4, Dr. Gunjan Gupta5, Dr. Rohan Shambhuvani6
1Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Amargarh – 364 210, Gujarat, India
2PG Student – 2nd Year, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Amargarh – 364 210, Gujarat, India
3Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Amargarh – 364 210, Gujarat, India
4Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Amargarh – 364 210, Gujarat, India
5Reader, Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Amargarh – 364 210, Gujarat, India
6Sr. Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Amargarh – 364 210, Gujarat, India
Corresponding Author: Dr. Arun Gupta
ABSTRACT
A crucial element in the long-term viability of implants is the appropriate choice of implant biomaterial. Implants should be chosen to minimize the adverse biologic response while preserving appropriate function because the biologic environment does not accept all materials. With an aging population comes an increasing need for biomaterials that promote the replacement, repair, or healing of soft tissues and bones. Implants continue to fail because of infection, fracture, corrosion, and excessive load, despite extensive research over the past ten years to develop medical implants for bone regeneration and body tissue healing. Implantable materials include metals, ceramics, and polymers, depending on whether a permanent or temporary implant is needed. The article addresses the use of several polymeric materials, metals, and alloys as medical implants. The replacement of bone with titanium implants has showed promise, and the alloys used in these implants are essential to orthopaedic and dental treatments. Still, they exhibit a number of shortcomings, including Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The characteristics of titanium alloys and their potential applications as implantable materials have been widely explored. The published studies of in-vitro and in-vivo research have been critically addressed in the article, as biocompatibility and bone response are significant factors that determine implants' clinical efficacy. In order to improve medical implants and tissue engineering, biomaterials' overall performance and applications in biological systems are covered in this study. This review includes critiques aimed at aspiring young researchers who want to work on developing implants for biomedical uses. This article attempts to provide an overview of the several dental biomaterials that have been utilized in the past and the most recent materials that are now in use.
Keywords: Biomaterials, titanium implants, stainless steel implants, HAp, Hydroxyapatite implants, PEEK, Polyether Ether Ketone implants, PMMA, Poly Methyl Methacrylate implants.
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