Year: 2025 | Month: December | Volume: 12 | Issue: 12 | Pages: 260-266
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20251229
Anterior Shoulder Instability: Review of the Literature
Nugrah Ramadhan*, I Gusti Ngurah Wien Aryana**
**Resident of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Prof Ngoerah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
**Consultant of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Prof Ngoerah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Nugrah Ramadhan
ABSTRACT
Anterior glenohumeral instability is a common orthopedic condition characterized by abnormal translation of the humeral head relative to the glenoid, leading to recurrent shoulder dislocations. It primarily affects young, active individuals, especially males aged 16 to 20, and athletes participating in high-impact sports such as football and rugby. Traumatic events often trigger the condition, causing damage to stabilizing structures like the labrum, capsule, and rotator cuff. This instability is frequently associated with specific injuries, including Bankart lesions and Hill-Sachs lesions, which increase the risk of recurrence. Clinical evaluation, supported by imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRI, and MRA, is essential for accurate diagnosis.
Non-operative treatment, including physical therapy and immobilization, is effective in low-risk cases, aiming to restore stability and preserve range of motion (ROM). However, surgical intervention is indicated for patients with recurrent instability, significant bone loss, or structural lesions. Common surgical options include arthroscopic Bankart repair, remplissage for Hill-Sachs defects, and the Latarjet procedure for significant glenoid bone loss. The choice of management is guided by factors such as patient age, activity level, and the presence of structural abnormalities.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent long-term joint dysfunction and restore shoulder stability, especially for individuals engaged in high-demand activities. Personalized treatment plans, combining conservative and surgical approaches, offer the best outcomes for patients suffering from anterior glenohumeral instability.
Keywords: Anterior Glenohumeral Instability, Shoulder Dislocation, Bankart Lesion, Latarjet Procedure, Recurrent Instability.
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