Year: 2025 | Month: December | Volume: 12 | Issue: 12 | Pages: 629-636
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20251265
Simultaneous Mitigation of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Yellow Virus in Local Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Plants Using Natural Cultivation Systems in Minahasa, Indonesia
Vivi B. Montong1, Frans B. Rondonuwu1, Maxi Lengkong1
1Study Program of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Vivi B. Montong
ABSTRACT
Attacks by cucumber mosaic virus (VMM) and yellow virus (VK) can kill chili peppers. One control solution is to plant chili peppers among vegetation in a multi-year fallow garden. The objectives of this study were to identify plant species in the fallow garden, then calculate diversity and uniformity, calculate population densities of Myzus persicae and Bemisia tabaci, and calculate the incidence and severity of cucumber mosaic virus and yellow virus diseases. The experimental gardens were located in Ranowangko Dua Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Plots for chili planting were surrounded by vegetation of 2.5 m wide. Chili peppers were planted in two rows, with a spacing of 1.5 meters. The spacing between rows was also 1.5 meters. The distance between planting holes and vegetation was 50 cm. Each planting hole was planted with three chili pepper seedlings. Monoculture chili cultivation was carried out in gardens approximately 200 m from natural gardens. Samples for calculating the incidence and severity of VMM and VK, and the population densities of B. tabaci and M. persicae were 20% of the total number of plants per garden. Vegetation sampling for diversity and uniformity calculations was conducted in 1 m x 1 m observation plots located along Z-shaped intersecting lines at 10 m intervals. The plant diversity level was moderate, plant species were evenly distributed, and Nezara viridula was present in the natural chili garden, while B. tabaci was absent. The natural chili garden was protected from VMM and VK invasion, while in monoculture, the incidence of these viral diseases was 80.55 and 85.46%.
Keywords: Cucumber mosaic virus, yellow virus, Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, natural cropping pattern
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