IJRR

International Journal of Research and Review

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Year: 2025 | Month: January | Volume: 12 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 39-42

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250107

The Role of Qiwam (Urine Consistency) in the Diagnosis of Diseases: An Unani Perspective

Dr. Md. Nadeem Akhter1, Dr. Khatiba Aatka Maryam2

1PG Scholar Dept. of Mahiyatul Amraz, Govt. Tibbi College and Hospital, Kadamkuan, Patna
2PG Scholar Dept. of Mahiyatul Amraz, Govt. Tibbi College and Hospital, Kadamkuan Patna

Corresponding Author: Dr. Md. Nadeem Akhter

ABSTRACT

Urine consistency has long been regarded as a vital diagnostic tool in Unani medicine rooted in the theory of humors (Akhlat), Unani practitioners examine urine to understand the body’s internal balance and health. This review explores the role of urine consistency in diagnosing diseases, including its link to humoral imbalances, systemic disorders, and specific organ dysfunctions. The paper integrates classical Unani principles and modern interpretations to understand this diagnostic approach comprehensively.

Keywords: Qiwam, urine consistency, diagnosis of disease, Unani medicine

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