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Year: 2025 | Month: February | Volume: 12 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 380-392

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250245

Consequences of Untreated Sleep Apnea on the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems: A Systematic Review

Joseph White¹, Redah Essul¹, Gabriela Kennedy¹, Laxman Reddy Nadithe², Namani Satyanarayana³, Paripelli Sunitha³, Sreenivasa Gadireddy³

¹MD-5 Students; Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, St. Vincent & the Grenadines
²Assistant Professor, Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, St. Vincent & the Grenadines
³Associate Professor, Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, St. Vincent & the Grenadines

Corresponding Author: Paripelli Sunitha

ABSTRACT

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder with significant implications for cardiovascular and pulmonary health. Despite the growing awareness of OSA, many cases remain untreated, leading to severe long-term health consequences. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of untreated OSA on these critical systems, aiming to enhance clinical management and inform public health strategies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published in the last 15 years. Findings underscore the exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases, increased pulmonary complications, and diminished quality of life due to untreated OSA. Addressing this knowledge gap is vital for reducing the societal and economic burdens associated with this disorder.

Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), cardiovascular, pulmonary health.

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