Year: 2025 | Month: June | Volume: 12 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 551-565
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250662
Socio-Demographic Influences on Menstrual Health and Hygiene: A Study among Gadia Lohar Women in Central Uttar Pradesh
Pankhuri1, Prof (Dr.) Udai Pratap Singh2
1Department of Anthropology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.
Corresponding Author: Pankhuri
ABSTRACT
Menstrual health is a natural physiological process central to women’s reproductive well-being. In India, it remains a significant public health and social concern, influenced by socio-demographic factors, cultural taboos, and limited healthcare access. This study explores menstrual health and hygiene practices among women of the Gadia Lohar community in Central Uttar Pradesh, focusing on socio-demographic determinants and generational shifts. Data were collected from 165 women aged 15–49 across 62 households in Lucknow and Unnao using purposive and snowball sampling. A mixed-method approach was employed, incorporating surveys, focus group discussions, and participant observation.
The mean age at menarche was 13.56 ± 1.7 years, with younger women experiencing earlier menarche, possibly due to changing nutritional and environmental factors. Menstrual disorders were reported by 81% of women, including abdominal pain (52%), back pain (48%), and menorrhagia (26%), though only 31% sought remedies, relying mostly on rest and traditional methods. A significant association was observed between menstrual problems and seeking remedies (p=0.000). Hygiene practices showed that 41% used cloth, 20% used sanitary napkins, and 34% used both. Disposal methods were poor, with 75% practicing open dumping. A strong association existed between menstrual flow and absorbent type (p=0.000). Younger women changed absorbents more frequently, yet cultural taboos like avoiding bathing during menstruation persisted. No significant association was found between hygiene practices and socio-economic or educational status, indicating that cultural beliefs and lack of awareness are stronger influences. The study underscores the need for culturally sensitive interventions, awareness campaigns, and improved access to menstrual health resources to empower women and promote well-being.
Keywords: Menstrual health, hygiene, Menarche, Socio-demographic factors, Menorrhagia, Menstrual awareness, Gadia Lohar Community
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