Year: 2025 | Month: August | Volume: 12 | Issue: 8 | Pages: 433-438
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250851
Physiological Role of Kabid in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual Review
Mohd Sami1, Shahzama Siddiqui2, Mohd Nasiruddin1, Nehal Ahmad1
1Department of Manafeul Aza, 2Department of Mahiyatul Amraz,
State Unani Medical College and Hospital Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Corresponding Author: Mohd Sami
ABSTRACT
The liver, a multifaceted organ, is central to regulating physiological processes including metabolism, detoxification, protein synthesis, and immune response. Liver disease stands as a leading cause of global mortality. Published data from the World Health Organization and The Global Burden of Disease show that the burden of CLD is large and increasing, primarily owing to the increasing burden of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). In Unani system of medicine Jigar (liver) is considered as vital organ, which is the origin of Quwwat Ṭabī‘iyya (Physical Faculty). Jālīnūs regarded the liver as the absolute chief of the Quwwat Ghādhiya (Nutritive Faculty). Classical texts describe its anatomical position, Mizāj’ (Temperament), and Quwā’ (Multiple Faculties), including their absorptive, retentive, discriminative, digestive, and excretory functions. A large number of metabolic processes are taking place in the liver therefore it is known as Matbakh (Great Chemical Factory) of the body where Haḍm Kabidī (hepatic digestion/secondary digestion /chyle formation) transforms Ghidhā’ (nutrients) into blood and other essential constituents. This review aims to explore the physiological importance of Kabid in Unani medicine, highlighting its classical concepts and relevance in modern-day clinical context.
Keywords: Kabid, Unani medicine, Quwwat Ṭabī‘iyya, Haḍm Kabidī, chronic liver disease, liver physiology
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