Year: 2026 | Month: January | Volume: 13 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 51-64
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20260106
Mangrove in Biodiversitas: A Systematic Review of Biodiversity, Blue Carbon, and Ecosystem Services in Southeast Asia (2020-2025)
Rustam Anwar1, Fitryane Lihawa2, Dewi Wahyuni K Baderan3, Marike Mahmud4, Abdul Hafidz Olii5, Hasim6
1Doctoral Program in Environmental Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia.
2,3,4,5,6 Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia.
Corresponding Author: Rustam Anwar
ABSTRACT
Mangrove ecosystems are socio-ecological systems that sustain high biodiversity, sequester blue carbon, and deliver services essential for coastal resilience and livelihoods. This systematic review synthesizes mangrove articles published in Biodiversitas (2020-2025), integrating evidence across biodiversity/bioindicators, blue carbon stocks and drivers, and ecosystem services with governance outcomes. Following PRISMA-guided screening and standardized extraction, 57 empirical studies were analyzed for spatial-methodological trends and reported linkages among ecological condition, carbon pools, and human benefits. Across sites, intact and structurally complex mangroves consistently showed higher biomass and soil organic carbon, while bioindicator groups (benthic macrofauna, birds, gastropods, and microbial communities) reliably tracked environmental gradients and anthropogenic pressure. Socio-ecological studies indicated that community-based and co-managed arrangements are most associated with durable ecological integrity and livelihood co-benefits, whereas degraded, urban-adjacent, and intensively managed systems tended to show reduced biodiversity, lower carbon stocks, and weakened service provision. Key gaps include limited functional diversity metrics, inconsistent carbon accounting (especially SOC depth conventions), and scarce longitudinal socio-economic monitoring. Overall, the evidence supports integrated research and policy frameworks that jointly advance biodiversity conservation, climate mitigation, and sustainable development in Southeast Asia.
Keywords: mangroves; biodiversity; blue carbon; ecosystem services; socio-ecological systems; Southeast Asia; conservation governance.
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