Year: 2026 | Month: March | Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 296-306
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20260334
Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Systemic Review
Ida Ayu Mas Sasmari Brahmani1, Ni Ketut Sumartini2
1Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
2Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University / Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Ida Ayu Mas Sasmari Brahmani
ABSTRACT
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that may result in dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and adverse maternal–fetal outcomes. HG affects 0.3% to 10.8% of pregnancies worldwide, with an incidence of 5.42% reported in Indonesia in 2019. Dietary patterns before and during early pregnancy are suspected to influence its occurrence, yet the evidence remains inconsistent. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hyperemesis gravidarum. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library for observational studies published within the last ten years. Study selection and quality assessment were performed independently using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that diets rich in fish, eggs, seafood, unprocessed meat, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, milk, and adequate fluid intake are associated with a lower risk of hyperemesis gravidarum. In contrast, high consumption of saturated fats, carbonated beverages, and added sugars is linked to an increased risk. In conclusion, dietary patterns represent a modifiable factor that may influence the development of hyperemesis gravidarum. Further well-designed studies are required to support preventive nutritional strategies for pregnant women
Keywords: Hyperemesis gravidarum, dietary patterns, pregnancy, risk factors, nutrition.
[PDF Full Text]