Research Paper
Year: 2018 | Month: October | Volume: 5 | Issue: 10 | Pages: 279-284
The Reflection of Proto Austronesian Consonant Phonemes Into Simalungun Language
Dardanila
Study Program in Indonesian Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
Jalan Universitas No. 19 Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia 20155
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the reflection of consonant phonemes of Proto-Austronesia into the Simalungun language by the utilization of oral and written data. The oral data collection involved conversation method which was followed by stimulating, advance/face-to-face conversation, tapping, and writing techniques. Furthermore, the technique used skillfully followed by the technique of recording and technique record. The written data used observation method which was followed by tapping and writing technique. Data analysis involved historical comparative method, followed by matching method with equivalence method plus certain/particular element determinant technique and power differentiation of speech organs. Then it was followed by comparative equation technique and contrastive equation technique. From analysis it is found the phoneme reflection of linear consonants (retention) and consonant phoneme innovations like / * b /, / * c /, / * d /, / * g /, / * h /, / * j /, / * k /, / * l /, / * m / , / * n /, / * p /, / * r /, / * s /, / * t /, / * ŋ / and / * w / are reflected in the Simalungun language into / b / where the consonant / c / is not found in the reflection of the PAN consonant phoneme, into / d /, / g /, / h /, / j /, / k /, / l /, / m /, / n /, / p /, / r /, / s /, / t /, / ŋ / and / w /. While the consonant / * h / at the beginning of the word in Simalungun has undergone sound melting into / ø /, the phoneme / * j / is innovated to / d /, the phoneme / * z / into / j / , and the phoneme / * w / at the beginning of the word in Simalungun undergoes sound melting into / ø /.
Key words: Reflection, Proto-Austronesian (PAN), Simalungun language.
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