Research Paper
Year: 2018 | Month: September | Volume: 5 | Issue: 9 | Pages: 154-163
Working Conditions of Female-Headed Households in Jammu and Kashmir, with Special Reference to District Budgam
Tariq Bashir Dar1, Prof. Rama Singh2
1Research Scholar Department of Sociology Barkatullah University Bhopal
2Professor at Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls Post Graduate College Bhopal
Corresponding Author: Tariq Bashir Dar
ABSTRACT
Women in the workforce earning wages or a salary are part of a modern phenomenon, one that developed at the same time as the growth of paid employment for men, but women have been challenged by inequality in the workforce. Until modern times, legal and cultural practices, combined with the inertia of longstanding religious and educational conventions, restricted women's entry and participation in the workforce. Economic dependencies upon men, and consequently the poor socio-economic status of women, have had the same impact, particularly as occupations have become professionalized over the 19th and 20th centuries. The economic need had forced women to seek work outside the home, The increasing rates of women contributing in the workforce has led to a more equal disbursement of hours worked across the regions of the world. Means of livelihood or working conditions (occupation/work) of female heads of households is one of the areas covered by the study. In most, if not all, cases female heads of households are obliged to be the only or the main breadwinner of the household and are therefore forced to do other work apart from the usual household drudgeries. As per the reports of census 2011 in India, there are about 27 million female-headed households which represent nearly 10.9% of all household. In Jammu and Kashmir female-headed household constitute 8.2% as per census 2011. This study is based on primary and secondary sources and the primary data was collected by using the technique of interview schedule. A sample size of 300 respondents was selected by the cluster sampling with the help of simple random selection.
Key words: Working conditions; workforce; female-headed households; Jammu and Kashmir; inequality; livelihood;
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