Case Report
Year: 2019 | Month: November | Volume: 6 | Issue: 11 | Pages: 421-424
Congenital Rubella Syndrome- A Case Report
Athira P. S1, Hanna Simon1, T. Sivakumar2
1Pharm D, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India 638052
2Principal, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India 638052
Corresponding Author: Athira P. S
ABSTRACT
Rubella or German measles or three day measles is a contagious viral infection caused by rubella virus, which belongs to Rubivirus genus of the Togaviridae family.
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when rubella virus in an infected mother affects the developing fetus, usually during the first trimester. The virus gets transmitted through the placenta and causes serious congenital defects even abortion and still births.
According to 2008 WHO estimates, 110000 numbers of infants are born with CRS, which makes rubella a leading cause of congenital anomalies. Health ministry surveillance estimates over 30000 cases of CRS in India every year.
The most common manifestation is the sensorineural hearing loss. Ocular abnormalities include cataract, infantile glaucoma and pigmentary retinopathy. Cataract and rubella retinopathy are the most frequent findings.
Another common manifestation includes the Congenital Heart Disease which includes the Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Artery Stenosis.
Intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, stillbirth, abortion are common. CNS abnormality including mental retardation, behavioural disorders.
Other manifestations include jaundice hepatosplenomegaly, hepatitis. Skin manifestations such as blueberry muffin spots are also observed.
Haematological manifestations include anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Endocrine disorders and bone lesions such are also observed in some patients.
This is a case report of a 5 year old female child was admitted in a tertiary care hospital with complaint of non functional cochlear implant. Child was diagnosed with CRS at birth and she is presented with various sever clinical manifestations of CRS.
This case illustrates about the clinical manifestations importance of effective vaccination against Rubella.
Key words: Rubella, congenital rubella, Rubivirus genus, sensorineural hearing loss, Cataract, Congenital Heart Disease, Centers for Disease Control, Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR)
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