Review Article
Year: 2020 | Month: September | Volume: 7 | Issue: 9 | Pages: 265-277
Obesity, A Threat to Global Health: A Review
Chaithanya .K.J1, Spurthi .B.S2, Supreetha .A3, Yashaswini .C 3
14th year Pharm D, 23rd year Pharm D
Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Mallige College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
33rd year B Pharm, Dept. of Pharmacology, Mallige College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Corresponding Author: Chaithanya .K.J
ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most serious life threatening health problems of the 21st century which affects nearly 300 million people worldwide that in turn would trigger additional pathologies such as cardiorespiratory dysfunctions, cancer, gastrointestinal disturbances, and type2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity has a multifactorial nature resulting from genetic, physiological, behavioural, and environmental factors that lead to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, the key to success in tackling this problem lies in prevention and this in itself mandates a rigorous understanding of the physiology of weight control and the pathogenesis of obesity. Conventional therapies such as lifestyle modification (diet and exercise) recommended as the cornerstone of obesity management. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved five long-term obesity drugs for adults who are obese so far: orlistat, lorcaserin, liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion over the past two years. When treating an obese patient for any given disease, several physiological changes may impact the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs required. Therefore, pharmacotherapy remain important but are limited by their results in terms of weight loss. Additionally, several medical devices are available for short-term and long-term use. Bariatric and metabolic surgical interventions (gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and Roux-en Y gastric bypass) are endorsed by many international societies to be an effective treatment for weight loss, which also offers significant improvement in associated comorbidities and reduce mortality for patients with severe obesity.
Keywords: Bariatric surgery, Co-morbidities, Diet, Exercise, Obesity.
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