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Review Paper

Year: 2022 | Month: December | Volume: 9 | Issue: 12 | Pages: 254-261

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221227

A Review on Malignant Hyperthermia

Dr. Satish S¹, Likhitha Prakash²

¹Professor, Department of pharmacy Practice, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India -574143
²Student, Pharm D, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India -574143

Corresponding Author: Likhitha Prakash

ABSTRACT

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially lethal inherited disorder characterized by disturbance of calcium homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Volatile anesthetics and/or depolar­izing muscle relaxant succinylcholine may induce this hypermetabolic muscular syndrome due to uncontrolled sarcoplasmic calcium release via functionally altered calcium release receptors, resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnia, tachycardia, muscular rigidity, acidosis, hyperkalemia, and hyperthermia in susceptible individuals. Mortality with­out specific treatment is 80% and decreases to 5% with the use of dantrolene sodium. If it is not recognized and promptly treated, this hypermetabolic state can disturb acid-base balance and produce rhabdomyolysis with hyperkalemia, myoglobinuria, and, consequently, multiorgan dysfunction and death. The treatment requires immediate suspension of the trigger agent, administration of dantrolene, active cooling, and supportive measures. This review is an attempt to provide a summary of malignant hyperthermia and highlight some recent advances.

Keywords: Malignant Hyperthermia, Dantrolene, Anesthesia.

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